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Begmat Ke Aansoo: A Historical Novel by Hassan Nazami

Begmat Ke Aansoo (The Tears of the Begums) is a historical novel by Hassan Nazami that narrates the stories of the women of the Mughal dynasty during the 1857 revolt against the British rule in India. The novel is based on authentic sources and documents and portrays the lives, struggles, sacrifices and heroism of the Mughal begums who witnessed the downfall of their empire.

The novel consists of 12 chapters, each focusing on a different begum and her role in the 1857 uprising. Some of the prominent characters include Zinat Mahal, the last wife of Bahadur Shah Zafar; Zeenat-un-Nissa, the daughter of Mirza Ghalib; Hazrat Mahal, the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh; and Begum Hazrat Mahal, the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh.

The novel is a rich and vivid account of the historical events and the cultural and social aspects of the Mughal era. It also sheds light on the relations between Muslims and Sikhs, as well as the role of women in the freedom movement. The novel is written in a simple and engaging style that appeals to both young and old readers.

Begmat Ke Aansoo is available in PDF format for free download from various online sources, such as Internet Archive [^1^] and Internet Archive [^2^]. You can also read reviews and ratings of the novel on Goodreads [^3^]. If you are interested in learning more about the history and culture of the Mughal period, you should definitely read this novel.

Besides Tajul-Ma'asir, Nizami also wrote some other works, such as Salatin-i-Afaghina (The Kings of Afghanistan), which is a history of the Ghurid dynasty; and Nizam-ul-Mulk (The Order of the Realm), which is a treatise on political science and ethics. He also composed some poetry in Persian and Arabic, but most of his verses are lost. [^1^]

Nizami was a loyal supporter of Qutb al-Din Aibak and his successors. He praised their generosity, justice and piety in his writings. He also defended their actions against their critics and rivals. For example, he justified the destruction of Hindu temples by the Muslim invaders as a service to Islam. He also praised the conversion of Hindus to Islam as a blessing for them.

Nizami died sometime after 1223 CE, during the reign of Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He was buried in Delhi, near the Qutb Minar. His tomb was later destroyed by the British during the 1857 revolt. Nizami is remembered as one of the earliest and most influential historians of medieval India. His work Tajul-Ma'asir is a valuable source of information for the historians and scholars of Indian history and culture. [^1^]

Qutb al-Din Aibak was a Turkic slave-general who became the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate after the death of his master Muhammad Ghori. He was born in Turkestan around 1150 CE and was sold as a slave in his childhood. He rose to prominence in the service of Muhammad Ghori, who entrusted him with the administration of his Indian territories. He proved himself as a capable commander and conqueror, expanding the Ghurid power in northern India. He also patronized scholars, poets and architects, and built several monuments and mosques. [^1^]

One of his most famous architectural achievements is the Qutb Minar, a towering minaret that stands near the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi. The Qutb Minar is considered as a symbol of the Muslim victory over the Hindu rulers of India. It is also a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic art and architecture, combining elements from Persian, Turkish and Indian styles. The Qutb Minar is made of red sandstone and marble, and has five storeys with balconies and inscriptions. It is 72.5 meters high and has a diameter of 14.3 meters at the base and 2.7 meters at the top. The Qutb Minar was completed by Aibak's successors Iltutmish and Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who added more storeys and decorations to it. [^3^]

Another notable monument built by Aibak is the Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, a mosque and madrasa (Islamic school) in Ajmer, Rajasthan. The name means \\\"two-and-a-half-day hut\\\", as legend has it that Aibak built it in two-and-a-half days to impress Muhammad Ghori. The mosque was originally a Sanskrit college built by the Chahamana king Vigraharaja IV, but Aibak converted it into a mosque by demolishing some parts of it and adding Islamic features such as arches, domes and mihrabs (niches indicating the direction of Mecca). The mosque has a large courtyard with a screen of seven arches on one side and a prayer hall with 124 pillars on the other side. The walls and pillars are adorned with carvings and inscriptions in Arabic and Sanskrit. The Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is an example of how Aibak reused Hindu temples for Islamic purposes. [^3^] 061ffe29dd